Summary:

Covers paradigms for stems that end in c/t/d. Infinitive (Rama desires TO GO to forest). And “etad” paradigm to express “This”.

Source: Introduction to Sanskrit (4th Ed) – Thomas Egenes – Part Two

Session deals with: VOL2, L27, PG 183-193

Consonant Paradigms:

• These are STEMS that end in consonants. You already know some like:
  • rajan      रजन्       ^{(Garden #3)}
  • manas   मनस्       ^{(Garden #6)}
  • hastin    हस्तिन्     ^{(Garden #15)}
  • havis      हविस्      ^{(Garden #17)}
• This Chapter introduces two final ones:
  • vāc         वाच्         ^{(Garden #8)}
  • marut    मरुत्       ^{(Garden #23)}   |  NOTE: MAS/FEM stems endings in “t  त्” have identical endings.
• Good News: Stems ending with a consonant have 100% identical endings, except for NOM/ACC.

Infinitive:

• ABOUT:
  • Shows purpose.  EG: “to go”, “to cook”, “to learn”.
  • Indeclinable. Meaning it doesn't have declensions. Yey!
  • Treat it like an Accusative.
  • Used interchangeably with DATIVE, since DATIVE can also be used to show purpose.
  • Negated with: na  न
• CONSTRUCTION FORMULA:
  • ^guṇa√root    +    [ tum  तुम्  /  itum  इतुम् ]
    • EG: √ji √जि  >  jetum जेतुम्  :  to conquer  |  na jetum  न जेतुम्  :  to not conquer
  • REVISION: When it says “guṇa“, it means (a) Find the first vowel in the root, and (b) Change it to guṇa grade per Garden #30.
• Infinitive is used most commonly with 2 roots:
  1. √śak √शक् 5P (be able)
     • EG: Rāma is able to go to the forest.  :  rāmaḥ vanam gantum śaknoti  रामः वनम् गन्तुम् शक्नोति
       
  2. √arh 1P (be worthy)
     • EG: O Arjuna! You are not worthy (unworthy) to grieve for these men. : arjuna! tvam tebhyaḥ narebhyaḥ na anuśocitum arhasi   अर्जुन! त्वम् तेभ्यः नरेभ्यः न अनुशोचितुम् अर्हसि
       
• Examples:

Pronoun etad (This):

• In English, there's only one word for “This”. In Sanskit, there are 3 stems for “This”, each with own declensions.
• In 9th Edition of Garden, study the “etad एतद्” stem on PG3, #40-#42.
• Example:
  • MAS:        (This man) is healthy      :  (eṣaḥ naraḥ) kuśalaḥ asti   (एषः नरः) कुशलः अस्ति
  • FEM:        (This woman) is healthy :  (eṣā nārī) kuśalā asti         (एषा नारी) कुशला अस्ति
  • NEUTER: (This fruit) is good           :  (etat phalam) śubham asti   (एतत् फलम्) शुभम् अस्ति

Homework:

• STEP 1:
  • Study 2 new consonant paradigms in Garden #8, #23.
• STEP 2:
  • VOL2, PG185-188: Say out loud all the infinite words.
    
• STEP 3:
  • Study the new etad (“This”) paradigm in Garden #40-42 (need 9th+ Revision).
• STEP 4:
  • VOL2, PG193: Say out loud new vocabulary.
• STEP 5:
  • VOL 2, PG194-197: Do 6 & 7 exercises.
• STEP 6:
  • VOL2, PG178: Attempt to translate the verse.
    1. Break down sandhi.
    2. Write English definition top of each word.
    3. Translate.
    4. Compare your translation to author's.
• STEP 7:
  • PG180-182: Theory. Read if wish.

Questions:

You'll have more questions throughout the course. How to ask? Leave in comments below, so others can also benefit. We'll respond within 48 hours. Only ask specific to this Lesson.

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Recorded 31 July, 2022