Lesson 64: Sanskrit for Beginners Course: Nouns ending in -in
Summary:
CH23. Nouns ending in -in
Source: Introduction to Sanskrit (4th Ed) – Thomas Egenes – Part Two
Session deals with: VOL2, L23, PG 92-95
Suffix -in:
- Just like mat/vat (L19), it indicates: Possessing THAT NOUN.
- Acts as ADJ (to describe another noun). But can also be used as a NOUN.
- EG:
- bhaga + vat = bhagavat भगवत् : Possessing glory / Glorious.
- daṇḍa + in = daṇḍin दण्डिन् : Possessing a stick (adj) / Recluse (noun)
- COMPARING (mat-mant/vat-vant मत्-मन्त्/वत्-वन्त्) AND (-in -इन्) :
| English: | mat-mant / vat-vant | -in |
| Boys are (possessed of happiness). | bālāḥ sukhavantaḥ santi बालाः सुखवन्तः सन्ति |
sukhinaḥ santi सुखिनः सन्ति |
- FORMULA: noun_stem + in इन् > decline per LRB26/27
- Since FEM paradigm isn't included in LRB, here it is (or see here):
- RULES:
- Remove final vowel (if present). EG: aśv
a+ in (sfix) = aśvin. अश्व + इन् = अश्विन् - If noun ends in -as -अस्, add vin/min विन्/मिन्. EG:
- tapas तपस् = tapasvin तपस्विन् : possessing austerity
- tejas तेजस् = tajasvin तजस्विन् : possessing light.
- Remove final vowel (if present). EG: aśv
- Example:
| Original | Stem (-in, ADJ) | mas. | fem.rare | neuter | |
| Word: | aśva अश्व | aśvin अश्विन् | aśvī अश्वी | aśvinī अश्विनी | aśvi अश्वि |
| Meaning: | Horse |
|
< same | < same | < same |
| Paradigm: | LRB1 | LRB26 | LRB11 | LRB27 |
- More Examples:
| Noun (stem) | Adj (stem) | If turned into a noun, formula is: One who possesses __, is likely a __. * Below are all MAS/NOM. |
| daṇḍa दण्ड (mas): stick | daṇḍin दण्डिन् : Possessing a stick | daṇḍī दण्डी : Recluse |
| manīṣā मनीषा (fem): wisdom | manīṣin मनीषिन् : Possessing wisdom | manīṣī मनीषी : Wise person |
| pakṣa पक्ष (mas): wing | pakṣin पक्षिन् : Possessing wings | pakṣī पक्षी : Bird |
| kāma काम (mas): desire | kāmin कामिन् : Possessing desires | kāmī कामी : Desirer |
| yoga योग (mas): union | yogin योगिन् : Possessing yoga | yogī योगी : Yogi (mas, nom) yoginī योगिनी : Yogi (fem, nom) |
| bala बल (n): strength | balin बलिन् : Possessing strength | balī बली : bull |
| śaśa शश (mas): rabbit | śaśin शशिन् : Possessing a rabbit | śaśī शशी : moon |
| hasta हस्त (mas): hand | hastin हस्तिन् : Possessing a hand (trunk) | hastī हस्ती : elephant |
Homework:
- PG 84: Cover English. Attempt to translate 2.51.
- PG 86-89: Read at own pace.
- PG 100: Study the vocab.
- PG 101: Do exercises 6 a-h.
Questions:
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Recorded 27 Feb, 2022