Lesson 52: Sanskrit for Beginners Course: Upapada Compound
Summary:
New vocab. Upapada compound.
Source: Introduction to Sanskrit (4th Ed) – Thomas Egenes – Part Two
This session deals with: CH19, PG 13.
Upapada Compound (tpu.):
- FORMULA: STEM + verb root + declined like nara/phala/senā.
- EG: sattva (purity) + √sthā (established) = sattvastha सत्त्व + √स्था = सत्त्वस्थ : Established in purity.
- Final word = ADJ.
- Examples:
| Rāma is established in purity. | rāmaḥ sattvastaḥ asti रामः सत्त्वस्तः अस्ति |
| Sītā is established in purity. | sītā sattvasthā asti सीता सत्त्वस्था अस्ति |
| Houses are established in purity. | gṛhāni sattvasthāni santi |
| House holder. | gṛha + √sthā = gṛhastha गृह + √स्था = गृहस्थ |
| Knower of the śāstra. | śāstra + √jña (know) = śāstrajña शास्त्र + √ज्ञ = शास्त्रज्ञ |
| Drinker of soma-juice. | soma + √pā (drink) = somapa सोम + √पा = सोमप |
| Established in samādhi. | samādhi + √sthā = samādhistha समाधि + √स्था = समाधिस्थ |
| Born of attachment to objects. | viṣayāḥ + सङ्गस्य + √jan = viṣayasaṅgaja (m/ḥ/ā) विषयाः + सङ्ग + √जन् = विषयसङ्गज |
| Giver of desires. | kāma + √dā = kāmada काम + √दा = कामद |
- RULE: Verb root may:
- Lose last letter.
- Change long to short vowel (ā > a). EG: yoga + √sthā = yogastha
- Add ‘t‘ (Declines like LRB 28).
- EG:
- indra + √ji = indrajit इन्द्र + √जि = इन्द्रजित् : conqueror of Indra
- brahma + √vid = brahmavit ब्रह्म + √विद् = ब्रह्मवित् : knower of brahman.
- tarati śokam ātmavit तरति शोकम् आत्मवित् : The (knower of the Self) overcomes sorrow. – Chandogya Upaniṣad. 7.1.3
- EG:
Resources used in class:
Homework:
- Do following exercises on pg 16:
- 5 d
- Since little homework, fill remaining time by doing exercises backwards; English > Sanskrit.
Questions:
You'll have more questions throughout the course. How to ask? Leave in comments below, so others can also benefit. We'll respond within 48 hours. Only ask specific to this Lesson.
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Recorded 14 Nov, 2021