Lesson 45: Sanskrit for Beginners Course: Nouns ending in -u (guru)

Summary:

CH18, new sandhi rules. Nouns ending in -u (guru).

Source: Introduction to Sanskrit (4th Ed) – Thomas Egenes – Part One


This session deals with: CH18, pg 229-232.

Sandhi Revision:

  • Sandhi for final: र्
    1. word1r + (voiced letter)word2 = No change to r. Join the words.
      • EG: punar gacchati > punargacchati
    2. word1r + (unvoiced letter)word2 = Imagine the r is a visarga (). Then apply sandhi.
      • EG: punar tatra > Imagine it's: puna tatra > apply sandhi > punastatra
    3. How to combine r + r?
      • Concept: word1r + rword2
      • Process:
        • Step 1: Remove r in word1.
        • Step 2: IF a/i/u found before r in word1, THEN make it long.
        • Step 3: Don't join to rword2. (Although scriptures may join).
      • EG: punar rāmaḥ > punā rāmaḥ
  • Sandhi for final: p, ṭ, k  प्, ट्, क्
    1. Before unvoiced: p, , k  > remain SAME + JOIN
      • EG:k saṃhitā   क्  संहिता   >   ṛksaṃhitā   ऋक्संहिता
    2. Before voiced, change (p > b | > | k > g)  + JOIN
      • EG:k veda   क् वे   >   ṛgveda  ऋग्वेद
    3. Below sandhi chart includes the 3 additional letters…
Includes sandhi for word1 ending in: k, ṭ, p, t, n, ṇ, m.
  • Sandhi RULE for word2 starting with: ch छ्
    • If word1 ends in vowel — then ch छ् changes to cch च्छ् + join. EG:
      • senā chāyā     > senācchāyā       सेनाच्छाया
      • muni chāyā    > municchāyā      मुनिच्छाया
      • rāmau chāyā > rāmaucchaya    रामौच्छाया

Paradigm for nouns ending in: -u उ

  • Study the mas, fem, neuter paradigm on LRB 7-9.

Resources:

  • Main vocabulary words up to Lesson 18.
  • As we're nearing end of Vol 1, if would like to continue, please consider buying Vol 2 (Amazon has latest 2016). Meanwhile, here's PDF ver.

Homework:

  • Say out loud the -u उ  paradigm on LRB 7-9.
  • Write 5 sentences using words:
    • hetu (mas):        cause, motive. (EG: Cause of suffering is ignorance.)
    • guru (mas):       elder. (wise person)
    • dhenu (f):           cow.
    • mṛdu (n / adj): soft.

Questions:

You'll have more questions throughout the course. How to ask? Leave in comments below, so others can also benefit. We'll respond within 48 hours. Only ask specific to this Lesson.

 

Recorded 15 Aug, 2021

 

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