Summary:

CH18, new sandhi rules. Nouns ending in -u (guru).

Source: Introduction to Sanskrit (4th Ed) – Thomas Egenes – Part One

This session deals with: CH18, pg 229-232.

Sandhi Revision:

• Sandhi for final: r  र्
  1. word1r + (voiced letter)word2 = No change to r. Join the words.
     • EG: punar gacchati > punargacchati
  2. word1r + (unvoiced letter)word2 = Imagine the r is a visarga (ḥ). Then apply sandhi.
     • EG: punar tatra > Imagine it's: punaḥ tatra > apply sandhi > punastatra
  3. How to combine r + r?
     • Concept: word1r + rword2
     • Process:
       • Step 1: Remove r in word1.
       • Step 2: IF a/i/u found before r in word1, THEN make it long.
       • Step 3: Don't join to rword2. ^{(Although scriptures may join).}
     • EG: punar rāmaḥ > punā rāmaḥ
• Sandhi for final: p, ṭ, k  प्, ट्, क्
  1. Before unvoiced: p, ṭ, k  > remain SAME + JOIN
     • EG: ṛk saṃhitā   ऋक्  संहिता   >   ṛksaṃhitā   ऋक्संहिता
  2. Before voiced, change (p > b | ṭ > ḍ | k > g)  + JOIN
     • EG: ṛk veda   ऋक् वेद   >   ṛgveda  ऋग्वेद
  3. Below sandhi chart includes the 3 additional letters…

• Sandhi RULE for word2 starting with: ch छ्
  • If word1 ends in vowel — then ch छ् changes to cch च्छ् + join. EG:
    • senā chāyā     > senācchāyā       सेनाच्छाया
      
    • muni chāyā    > municchāyā      मुनिच्छाया
    • rāmau chāyā > rāmaucchaya    रामौच्छाया

Paradigm for nouns ending in: -u उ

• Study the mas, fem, neuter paradigm on LRB 7-9.

Resources:

• Main vocabulary words up to Lesson 18.
• As we're nearing end of Vol 1, if would like to continue, please consider buying Vol 2 (Amazon has latest 2016). Meanwhile, here's PDF ver.

Homework:

• Say out loud the -u उ  paradigm on LRB 7-9.
• Write 5 sentences using words:
  • hetu (mas):        cause, motive. ^{(EG: Cause of suffering is ignorance.)}
  • guru (mas):       elder. ^{(wise person)}
  • dhenu (f):           cow.
  • mṛdu (n / adj): soft.

Questions:

You'll have more questions throughout the course. How to ask? Leave in comments below, so others can also benefit. We'll respond within 48 hours. Only ask specific to this Lesson.

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Recorded 15 Aug, 2021