Lesson 39: Sanskrit for Beginners Course: Dvandva-Itaretara Compound
Summary:
Compound > Dvandva > Itaretara
Source: Introduction to Sanskrit (4th Ed) – Thomas Egenes – Part One
This session deals with: CH16, pg 210.
Dvandva Compound:
- What is “dvandva”? It means: Two words. So two or more words associated, making up ONE whole word.
- Dvandva has 2 types:
- Itaretra
- What is “itaretara”? Study 3 examples below…
- Example 1:
- English: Man and son.
- Ordinary: naraḥ putraḥ ca नरः पुत्रः च
- Dvandva itaretara: naraputrau नरपुत्रौ
- Example 2:
- English: Man, son and sage.
- Ordinary: naraḥ putraḥ muniḥ ca नरः पुत्रः मुनिः च
- Dvandva itaretara: naraputramunayaḥ नरपुत्रमुनयः
- Example 3:
- English: From the sage and from the army.
- Ordinary: muneḥ senāyāḥ ca मुनेः सेनायाः च
- Dvandva itaretara: munisenābhyām मुनिसेनाभ्याम्
- Example 1:
- What do you notice from above?
- All words (except the LAST word) — are written in STEM format.
- If 2 words — LAST word is DUAL. Example 1/3
- If more then 2 words — LAST word is PLURAL. Example 2
- LAST word is declined according to the paradigm of the LAST word. Example 1/2/3
- DOUBT: Look at Example 2 above again.
- How to know whether it's saying:
- Men, sons and sages. OR…
- Man, son and sage. OR…
- Any other combo.
- ANSWER: Context of story will tell. If story mentioned three men, one son and many sages — then you'll know Example 2 is referring to that many.
- How to know whether it's saying:
- SPECIAL RULE FOR WORDS ENDING IN -AN: (pg 212 #14)
- If STEM ends in –an (EG: rājan, karman, ātman, nāman) — the word loses last letter “n“.
- If LAST word ends in -an, then it ALWAYS takes nara pardigm (LRB 1).
- Example:
- Self and king: ātmarājau आत्मराजौ
- Notice ātman has lost the “n“.
- Notice LAST word takes nara paradigm.
- Self and king: ātmarājau आत्मराजौ
- What is “itaretara”? Study 3 examples below…
- Samāhāra
- Next session.
- Itaretra
Homework:
- Go over Spoken Sanskrit 17 (Birds and Animals).
- Revise last verse: Established in Yoga.
- Create 1 sentence using dvandva itaretara. EG: Horse obtains (food and water) > aśvaḥ bhojanajale labhate
- Create 5 long sentences using this sheet: PDF | MS Word: IAST, Devanāgarī
Questions:
You'll have more questions throughout the course. How to ask? Leave in comments below, so others can also benefit. We'll respond within 48 hours. Only ask specific to this Lesson.
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Recorded 27 June, 2021