Summary:

Entire CH15. Sandhi rule for “m”. Common verb prefixes. Past tense (imperfect) for Ātmanepada verbs.

Source: Introduction to Sanskrit (4th Ed) – Thomas Egenes – Part One

This session deals with: CH15, pg 196-200.

Sandhi Rule for ‘m':

• Two ways between word1m + word2.
  • Easy way: ^{(Less common)}
    • Common in classic/modern Sanskrit.
    • Change word1m to anusvāra + doesn't join with word2.
      • EG: naram gacchati (नरम्  गच्छति) > naraṃ gacchati (नरं  गच्छति)
  • Hard way: ^{(More common)}
    • Common in Vedic Sanskrit. Majority of scriptures/literature.
    • Word1m changes to: ṇ ण्  /  ñ ञ्   /  ṇ ण्  /  n न्  + joins with word2.
       
      • How to know which “n” it is?
        • Step 1: Go to pg 9 of book.
        • Step 2: Find the first letter of word2.
        • Step 3: Notice which “n” in 5th column.
      • EG: naram gacchati नरम् गच्छति > naraṅgacchati  नरङ्गच्छति

Verb Prefixes:

• What is a verb prefix (vp)?
  • A short word which comes BEFORE verb/noun. They're often seen before verbs. Less commonly before nouns.
• Formula:
  • vp + verb/noun
    • EG:
      • ud उद्  (up) + tiṣṭhati तिष्ठति (goes) = uttiṣṭhati  उत्तिष्ठति (He/she/it stands up).
      • Why does “ud” change to “ut“? Common sandhi joining rules apply.

Imperfect Middle:

• See video.

Homework:

• Go over Spoken Sanskrit 14 (Positions).
• Recite new verse: Early Morning Prayer
• PG197: Write out verbal prefix, and 1 English definition you’re most attracted to.
• PG199: Write out imperfect Middle paradigm.
• PG200: Memorize new vocab before doing exercises.
• PG201-203: All exercises.

Questions:

You'll have more questions throughout the course. How to ask? Leave in comments below, so others can also benefit. We'll respond within 48 hours. Only ask specific to this Lesson.

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Recorded 30 May, 2021