Summary:

Revision of paradigms.

Source: Introduction to Sanskrit (4th Ed) – Thomas Egenes – Part One

Resources:

• Class exercises

Highlights:

• If word starts with a “t” and is short, it's likely a pronoun.
  • EG: te, tava, tvam, tat, tena, tasya, taih.
• What is a declension? It means the ending which is attached to a word.
  • EG:
    • -aḥ     |  -au  | -āḥ
    • -āmi  |   -si   |  -ti
• What is a paradigm? Word + declension. The final result in all combinations (all cases + sing, dual, pl).
  • EG: Entire “nara” paradigm.
• Faster way to master Sanskrit when practicing Eng > Sanskrit Translation: (Direct method)
  • Step 1: Instead of being concerned of word order, translate in exact order as in Eng.
    • EG:
      • I go to your friend's house for the book.            > aham gacchāmi tava mitrasya gṛham^acc pustakāya  अहम् गच्छामि तव मित्रस्य गृहम् पुस्तकाय
      • Without the sun, there is no water and food.    > sūryena vinā, na sthaḥ jalam^nom bhojanam^nom ca    सूर्येन विना, न स्थः जलम् भोजनम् च
      • Rāma comes from the village in the morning.  > rāmaḥ āgacchati grāmāt prabhāte    रामः आगच्छति ग्रामात् प्रभाते
  • Step 2: Put it in right order, which mainly involves putting Verb last in sentence.
• Sample conversion used in class:
  1. atīva dhārmikaḥ rāmaḥ kumbhīram jayati  अतीव धार्मिकः रामः कुम्भीरम् जयति
     • Very virtuous Rāma crocodile conquers.
  2. aho rāma, kim karoti iti kupitaḥ lakṣmanaḥ pṛcchati  अहो राम, किम् करोति इति कुपितः लक्ष्मनः पृच्छति
     • Hey Rama, what doing, Angry Lakshman asks.
  3. aham bhojanam āvābhyām karoti   अहम् भोजनम् आवाभ्याम् करोति
     • I food, for us, make.
  4. parantu, tvam mṛgeṣu snihyasi iti lakṣmanaḥ manyate   परन्तु, त्वम् मृगेषु स्निह्यसि इति लक्ष्मनः मन्यते
     • But you love animals, thinks Lakshman.
  5. śuddham, parantu, āvām bhojanam icchāvaḥ, evam api jalam āvābhyām labhase   शुद्धम्, परन्तु, आवाम् भोजनम् इच्छावः, एवम् अपि जलम् आवाभ्याम् लभसे
     • Correct, but we two food desire. Therefore also water, for us, you obtain.

Homework:

• Familiarize with new Spoken Sanskrit #9.
• Can you recall the “nara” paradigm? If not, write it out (muscle memory). Because next session, the FEMININE paradigm is very different from MAS/N.
• Familiarize with new verse, In Every Head, on pg 9.
• Do exercises on:
  • Pg 133: #2, 3.

Questions:

You'll have more questions throughout the course. How to ask? Leave in comments below, so others can also benefit. We'll respond within 48 hours. Only ask specific to this Lesson.

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Recorded 31 Jan, 2021