Lesson 24: Sanskrit for Beginners Course: Pronouns (aham/tvam)
Summary:
Revision of paradigms. How to use paradigm for 1st person Pronouns.
Source: Introduction to Sanskrit (4th Ed) – Thomas Egenes – Part One
Resources:
1st Person Pronouns:
- Found in Vol 1, pg 128.
- TIP: Before memorizing, remember STEP 1 is to FIRST identify common patterns. Only then STEP 2 is to memorize.
- EG: Notice that Singular starts with “ma“. Dual starts with “āvā“. Plural starts with “asmā“.
- Frequent paradigm used in scriptures.
- EG: ” Whole universe abides in Meloc “, “From Meabl alone, this world of names-forms, is manifest”.
- This paradigm can also be used to make Sanskrit conversational/relational. EG:
- You come with me : mayā saha agacchasi
- O Friend, there is saddness in me : mitravoc mayi duḥkham bhavati
- More usage examples found here.
2nd Person Pronouns:
- Found in Vol 1, pg 129.
- Usage examples:
| English: | Sanskrit: |
| You go to the house. | tvamnom gṛhamacc gacchasi त्वम् गृहम् घसि |
| You two go to the house with me. |
yuvāmnom mayā saha gṛhamacc gacchathaḥ युवाम् मया सह गृहम् गच्छथः |
| You all come for me. |
yūyam mahyam āgacchatha यूयम् मह्यम् आगच्छथ |
| The son makes food for you. |
putraḥ tubhyam bhojanamacc karoti पुत्रः तुभ्यम् भोजनम् करोति |
| “My light comes from you“, the moon says to the sun. | mama dīpaḥ tvat āgacchati iti candraḥ sūryam bhāṣate मम दीपः त्वत् आघति इति चन्द्रः सूर्यम् भाषते |
| Your cake is delicious. | tava modakamnom svādiṣṭhamnom bhavati तव मोदकम् स्वादिष्ठम् भवति |
| I see light of happiness in you. |
aham tvayi sukhasya dīpam paśyāmi अहम् त्वयि सुखस्य दीपम् पश्यामि |
| Rāma serves knowledge of immortality for you all. |
rāmaḥ yuṣmabhyam amṛtasya jñānamacc sevate रामः युष्मभ्यम् अमृतस्य ज्ञानम् सेवते |
| We all have only reverence for you two. (Of us all, only reverence, for you two, exists.) |
asmākam eva namaḥ yuvābhyām bhavati अस्माकम् एव नमः युवाभ्याम् भवति |
| Your (dual) knowledge is correct. |
yuvayoḥ jñānamnom śuddhamnom bhavati युवयोः ज्ञानम् शुद्धम् भवति |
Homework:
- Study 1st Person Pronoun examples in group work sheet. Use moments throughout day to incorporate the pronouns.
- EG: O Lord! Conquer this ignorance from me : bhagavanvoc, mat etat ajñānamacc jayate
- Do exercises on:
- Pg 116: #4
- Pg 123: Rāmāyaṇa
Questions:
You'll have more questions throughout the course. How to ask? Leave in comments below, so others can also benefit. We'll respond within 48 hours. Only ask specific to this Lesson.
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Recorded 17 Jan, 2021
I have a question about homework – lesson 9, 4.c. The answer to the question is given as “वीरो नृपस्य गृह एव तिष्ठति” with Sandhi. I was wondering why it is गृह एव and not गृहैव with sandhi.
only = eva
in the house = gṛhe
Hence: gṛhe eva = WORD1e + eWORD2 = WORD1a eWORD2. See red square here of sandhi: https://i.imgur.com/oQumCfQ.png
Final result: gṛha eva
You are right. I overlooked the fact that gṛhe transformed to gṛha. Thanks for clarifying