Summary:

Memorizing Middle Voice verbs (bhāṣate). Sandhi for “m” and “n”.

Source: Introduction to Sanskrit (4th Ed) – Thomas Egenes – Part One

Resources:

• Class exercises
• Identify objects in Sanskrit
• Middle Voice Verbs (Ātmanepada) paradigm memorization sheet

Sandhi for n/m:

• Let's look at 3rd column (m): Sandhi for word1m + __word2
  • Vowels EG:
    • naram atra            = naramatra               नरम्  अत्र            = नरमत्र
      
    • rāmam āgacchati = rāmamāgacchati    रामम्  आगच्छति = राममागच्छति
      
    • jñānam icchāmi   = jñānamicchāmi      ज्ञानम्  इच्छामि    = ज्ञानमिच्छामि
      
  • Voiced Consonants EG:
    • naram gacchati     = naraṃ gacchati       नरम्  गच्छति    = नरं  गच्छति
      
    • rāmam vadati       = rāmaṃ vadati          रामम्  वदति      = रामं  वदति
      
    • aśvam bālau ca     = aśvaṃ bālau ca       अश्वम्  बालौ च   = अश्वं बालौ च
  • Unvoiced Consonants EG:
    • modakam khādati = modakaṃ khādati      मोदकम्  खादति  = मोदकं  खादति
    • jalam pibati            = jalaṃ pibati                 जलम्  पिबति        = जलं  पिबति
  • End of line:
    • bālam mṛgam = bālaṃ mṛgam               बालम्  मृगम् = बालं  मृगम्
• Let's look at 2nd column (n): Sandhi for word1n + ___word2
  
  • Vowels EG:
    • narān icchanti = narānicchanti     नरान्  इच्छन्ति = नरानिच्छन्ति
      
    • bālān atra         = bālānatra            बालान्  अत्र     = बालानत्र
      
    • RULE (¹): In word1, if vowel before n is short, then n becomes nn.
      • EG: gacchan atra = gacchannatra    गच्छन्  अत्र = गच्छन्नत्र
        
  • Voiced Consonants EG:
    • mṛgān gacchanti  = mṛgāngacchanti   मृगान्  गच्छन्ति  = मृगान्गच्छन्ति
      
    • aśvān jalam           = aśvāñjalam          अश्वान्  जलम्     = अश्वाञ्जलम्
      
    • narān labhante     = narāṃllabhante   नरान्  लभन्ते     = नरांल्लभन्ते
      
  • Unvoiced Consonants EG:
    • hastān katham = hastānkatham         हस्तान्  कथम्  = हस्तान्कथम्
      
    • narān ca            = narāṃśca                  नरान्  च          = नरांश्च
      
    • vīrān tatra         = vīrāṃstatra               वीरान्  तत्र      = वीरांस्तत्र
      
    • RULE (²): The ś in word2, has option of either remaining ś  OR  changing to ch.
      • EG: aśvān śobhanam = aśvāñśobhanam  OR  aśvāñchobhanam    अश्वान्  शोभनम् = अश्वाञ्शोभनम्  OR  अश्वाञ्छोभनम्

Homework:

• Familiarize and attempt to Memorize new verse: The Resplendent Moon.
• Exercises on Pg 99:
  • 8
  • 9 (13-24)

Questions:

You'll have more questions throughout the course. How to ask? Leave in comments below, so others can also benefit. We'll respond within 48 hours. Only ask specific to this Lesson.

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Recorded 13 Dec, 2020