Lesson 15: Sanskrit for Beginners Course: Locative + Vocative Cases
Summary:
Last 2 cases of ‘nara' paradigm that covers 40% of all Sanskrit words: Locative (in/on), Vocative (addressing something).
Source: Introduction to Sanskrit (4th Ed) – Thomas Egenes – Part One
Resources:
Highlights:
-
CASE: Locative
- Purpose:
- Express location: In/on.
- Formula:
- stem + e
- Paradigm:
- Purpose:
| gaj gaje (गजे) On the elephant |
gaja + yoḥ gajayoḥ (गजयोः) On two elephants |
gaj gajeṣu (गजेषु) On many elephants |
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- Examples:
| I live in the city | nagare vasāmi |
| I stand on the horse | aśve tiṣṭhāmi (अश्वे तिष्ठामि) |
| She speaks in the village | grāme vadati |
| Man lives in the village | grāme naraḥ vasati |
| Water is in the cup | caṣake jalamnom bhavati |
| There is a leaf in the water | jale parṇamnom bhavati |
| Beloved is everywhere in my heart | priyaḥ mama hṛdaye sarvatra bhavati (प्रियः मम हृदये सर्वत्र भवति) |
| Garment is on Rāma | rāme vastramnom asti/bhavati |
| Where do I stand on the elephant? | kutra gaje tiṣṭhāmi |
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CASE: Vocative
- Purpose:
- Used to call out / address a person or thing.
- O Rāma, O son, O wife, O husband…
- Paradigm:
- Same as NOM, except singular is in STEM form. EG: Instead of “rāmaḥ”, it's “rāma”.
- Purpose:
-
- Examples:
| rāma kutra tat bālaḥ gacchati (राम कुत्र तत् बालः गच्छति) | O Rāma! Where is that boy going? |
| mama putra kadā khādasi na vadasi (मम पुत्र कदा खादसि न वदसि) | O my son! When you eat, you don't speak. |
Homework:
- Exercises on:
- Pg 64, #7 (a-j).
- Pg 76, #1. Write out the devanāgarī and convert to IAST with diacritics. EG: अष्टाङ्ग > aṣṭāṅga
- Where to find devanāgarī to IAST diacritics comparison? Pg 44.
- Learn new vocab on Pg 75.
- For those still getting familiar with devanāgarī, extra homework:
- Write out all letters on pg 68-71 to help familiarize brain. They're called “Tricky combinations”.
Questions:
You'll have more questions throughout the course. How to ask? Leave in comments below, so others can also benefit. We'll respond within 48 hours. Only ask specific to this Lesson.
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Recorded 1 Nov, 2020
Lesson 15
Dear Andre, I missed lesson 15 (1 Nov 20) – The video is about classwork ( https://youtu.be/l2CcOSkkgPw) & runs for approx 34 minutes.
Is there a full video on introducing new material as you normally do?
Regards
34 min is the new material. Everything before was group work.