Lesson 12: Sanskrit for Beginners Course: Dative Case
Summary:
New verse. New case: dative (for the man). Alphabet revision.
Source: Introduction to Sanskrit (4th Ed) – Thomas Egenes – Part One
Resources:
- App to help memorizing long sections of text: iOS | Android
- Methodology: Take out letters from pasted text. Let brain fill in rest. It can help improve memory confidence.
- Andre's Complete Devanagari Reference
- Class PDF exercises
Highlights:
- DATIVE declension:
- What is it?
- Expresses “for SOMETHING“, or “to SOMETHING“.
- Conveys PURPOSE, INTENTION or AGENDA for doing the action.
- EG: Student goes to teacher for knowledge. Man goes to work for/to earn money. I sleep to rest. We learn to grow.
- How to form?
- STEMaya अय
- EG:
- Men stand for Rāma : narāḥ rāmāya tiṣṭhanti नराः रामाय तिष्ठन्ति |
- Boy goes to the man for the deer : bālaḥ mṛgāya naram gacchati बालः मृगाय नरं गच्छति |
- Men stand for Rāma : narāḥ rāmāya tiṣṭhanti नराः रामाय तिष्ठन्ति |
- What is it?
- General order: NOM INST DAT ACC VERB
- EG:
- rāmo (vīreṇa saha bālāya) pustakam paṭhati रामो (वीरेण सह बालाय) पुस्तकं पठति |
Rāma reads the book (with the hero for the boy).
- rāmo (vīreṇa saha bālāya) pustakam paṭhati रामो (वीरेण सह बालाय) पुस्तकं पठति |
- EG:
- Paradigm:
| Single: | Dual: | Plural: |
| nara + aya अय narāya : For the man |
nara + abhyām अभ्याम् narābhyām : For two men |
nar narebhyaḥ : For men (pl) |
Homework:
- Memorize newest verse: Ornament of Stars
- Complete homework on pg 47 of book: 4i, 5i to end, 6, 7.
- Sanskrit to English process for each exercise.
Interactive Sanskrit Fun:
Questions:
You'll have more questions throughout the course. How to ask? Leave in comments below, so others can also benefit. We'll respond within 48 hours. Only ask specific to this Lesson.
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Recorded 11 Oct, 2020
Hi Andre
sorry to bother you .
The elephants are there with the horses
gajah ashvaih saha tatra bhavanti .
is this correct ?? or you want me to go with what’s in the answer section
Correct. Why is it correct? Rule: Whatever word is closest to VERB in English, will also be closest to VERB in Sanskrit.
are there > tatra bhavanti
Hi Andre, can you please walk through the steps of translating the following (again): Thanks
Ch5
(6f) rāmaḥ aśvam putram pṛcchati Q: The relationship between aśvam & putram and the order
(6i) mṛgaiḥ aśvaiḥ ca saha gajaḥ vasati Q: what is ending iḥ Q: Elephant live with dear & horse or deer and horse live with elephant
Thanks
Gladly.
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6f) rāmaḥ aśvam putram pṛcchati
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Ignore aśvam. Final: rāmaḥ putram pṛcchati: Rāma asks the son.
Add aśvam. Final: rāmaḥ aśvam putram pṛcchati: Rāma asks the son ABOUT THE HORSE.
Conclusion: When two ACC are next two each other, and verb “pṛccha/vada” is used, then word FURTHEST AWAY FROM THE VERB is “about the ___”.
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6i) mṛgaiḥ aśvaiḥ ca saha gajaḥ vasati
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a) Ending -iḥ = INST, PL (instrumental, plural). See book pg 53 for table of all endings.
b) Is it (1) Elephant live with dear & horse (OR) (2) Deer and horse live with elephant.
Both are correct. Because they both make sense. Attitude: Is my translation making sense?
It may not match books order perfectly.